SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NI(II), Pd(II) and Cu(II) COMPLEXES OF SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM AMINO-1,2,3,6-OXATRIZAINE AND SALICYLADEHYDE

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NI(II), Pd(II) and Cu(II) COMPLEXES OF SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM AMINO-1,2,3,6-OXATRIZAINE AND SALICYLADEHYD

Eliminating the torque hole: Using a mild hybrid EV architecture to deliver better driveability

© 2016 IEEE. Hybrid vehicle engineering has traditionally and dominantly focused on fuel economy benefits and emissions reductions. Although the transient power delivery benefits of hybrid powertrains are well-understood, these are not a primary focus of the majority of research and development efforts, with some exceptions. Our approach to this problem is to deliver a low-cost, low-tech mild-hybrid powertrain, with unique power delivery features designed to appeal to price-sensitive, but aspirational consumers. The powertrain is a simple post-transmission parallel hybrid configuration. It utilizes a low-powered four-cylinder engine coupled to a four-speed manual transmission through a robotically-actuated clutch. A low-voltage BLDC motor is directly connected to the transmission output shaft, before the final drive. Our research focuses on bringing the benefits of HEV architecture to the world's developing cities, where, it can be confidently argued, local emissions reductions are needed the most. Crucial to the success of this research is the understanding that compared to an equivalent ICE-powered vehicle, an HEV competes at a price disadvantage, no matter how cost-effective the solution is. This disadvantage is amplified in regions of low-middle income, where price sensitivity is greatest. It must, therefore, present better value than an equivalent conventional vehicle if it is to be commercially successful in these particularly price-sensitive markets. We discuss the extent to which control can be used to deliver transient power delivery gains in such a setup, and offer an example powertrain for simulation. To validate the concept, simulation of this research is performed in MATLAB and Simulink. The prototype is based on a generic engine and a BLDC motor. The results mainly focus on the electric drive and comparison of the transient response of drivetrains

Reaction of nitrilimines and nitrile oxides with hydrazines, hydrazones and oximes

This review article discusses the reaction of nitrilimines and nitrile oxides with hydrazines, hydrazones, and oximes. Three reaction modes were observed. The article mainly covers our work published over the last fifteen years, in which interesting heterocyles such as oxadiazoles, triazoles, and tetrazines were synthesized and fully characterized. View Full-Text Keywords

An innovative control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS)

© 2017 IEEE. Electric Vehicles (EVs) adopting both batteries and supercapacitors have attracted a significant amount of attention in research communities due to its unique power sharing capabilities. A Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) can effectively reduce power stress that would otherwise be applied to batteries alone, and whose weight and size is still a common concern when competing against conventional ICE-powered cars. In this paper, a high-level control strategy is developed to adaptively split the load between two sources for an electric vehicle adopting HESS under real-life load fluctuations. A converter - Supercapacitor Pack (SP) coupled HESS upon which such an algorithm is deployed on, is proposed to divert excess power into the SP via a smart Power Converter (PC) which is located in between in order to regulate both behaviors. Such a power split strategy (PSS) is designed in such a way to track real-time load profiles and determines one important variable - the cut-off frequency. A simplified HESS model is first developed. The power split algorithm is coded in Matlab and then applied to this HESS model. Finally, the overall system is tested comprehensively over 4 EPA driving cycles. Simulation results prove its effectiveness in coping with even the harshest driving scenarios in real life

A low-cost and novel approach in gearshift control for a mild-hybrid powertrain

© 2017 IEEE. A novel, the low-cost mild hybrid powertrain is described. It relies on a manual, or robotized manual transmission together with a BLDC motor coupled at the output for filling the torque hole between gear changes. In order to keep manufacturing cost low and improve commercial attractiveness, it incorporates gearshift strategies that deliver high-quality gear shifts. A deliberate downsizing of componentry is implemented as far as possible to reduce cost, and control strategies are employed to exploit the maximum potential of the architecture using methods including torque-fill, ICE-assist, and ICE start-stop. The architecture is developed in simulation using an existing conventional platform to investigate system properties and their effect on performance. In particular, we discuss the gear-shift control algorithm design. Until the cost of full hybrids and fuel cell vehicles is significantly reduced, such a mild hybrid may have the potential to provide the right cost-benefit balance to achieve strong market penetration

Impact of Low and High Congestion Traffic Patterns on a Mild-HEV Performance

Copyright © 2017 SAE International. Driven by stricter mandatory regulations on fuel economy improvement and emissions reduction, market penetration of electrified vehicles will increase in the next ten years. Within this growth, mild hybrid vehicles will become a leading sector. The high cost of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) has somewhat limited their widespread adoption, especially in developing countries. Conversely, it is these countries that would benefit most from the environmental benefits of HEV technology. Compared to a full hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or electric vehicle, a mild hybrid system stands out due to its maximum benefit/cost ratio. As part of our ongoing project to develop a mild hybrid system for developing markets, we have previously investigated improvements in drive performance and efficiency using optimal gearshift strategies, as well as the incorporation of high power density supercapacitors. In this paper, the fuel and emissions of a baseline conventional vehicle and mild hybrid electric vehicle (MHEV) are compared. The objective of this analysis is to compare the fuel economy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the baseline and MHEV models, using low and high-density traffic patterns chosen for their similarity to traffic density profiles of our target markets. Results demonstrate the benefits of a lower ongoing cost for the HEV architecture. These advantages include torque-hole filling between gear changes, increased fuel efficiency and performance

Using a low-cost bluetooth torque sensor for vehicle jerk and transient torque measurement

© IMechE 2019. This paper presents the use and development of a specific wireless torque measurement system that is used to obtain the transient torque performance of vehicle transmissions. The torque sensor is strain-based, using surface-mounted strain gauges on a prop shaft. The gauges are connected to a compact printed circuit board, which is clamped to the shaft next to the strain gauges using a three-dimensional printed housing. The printed circuit board contains an amplifier, low-pass filter, analog-to-digital converter, microcontroller and bluetooth transceiver. The printed housing is impact resistant carbon-reinforced nylon and securely retains the printed circuit board and the battery powering the device. The transmitted torque data are received by a transceiver, which is interfaced to a PC through an RS-232 connection. NI LabVIEW is used to process, display and save data. The wireless torque sensor was installed to the Unit Under Test at the output shaft of the five-speed manual transmission. The Unit Under Test was installed on a dynamometer for verification purposes and the transient torque was recorded under various operational conditions. The transient output torque of the manual transmission is measured and compared with results obtained from simulations performed under similar operating conditions. The two sets of transient responses show a good correlation with each other and hence demonstrate that the torque sensor meets the major design specifications. The data obtained will be used to enhance the fidelity of the software model

Comparative fuel economy, cost and emissions analysis of a novel mild hybrid and conventional vehicles

© IMechE 2017. Mild hybrid vehicles have been explored as a potential pathway to reduce vehicle emissions cost-effectively. The use of manual transmissions to develop novel hybrid vehicles provides an alternate route to producing low cost electrified powertrains. In this paper, a comparative analysis examining a conventional vehicle and a mild hybrid electric vehicle is presented. The analysis considers fuel economy, capital and ongoing costs and environmental emissions, and includes developmental analysis and simulation using mathematical models. Vehicle emissions (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons) and fuel economy are computed, analysed and compared using a number of alternative driving cycles and their weighted combination. Different driver styles are also evaluated. Studying the relationship between the fuel economy and driveability, where driveability is addressed using fuel-economical gear shift strategies. Our simulation suggests the hybrid concept presented can deliver fuel economy gains of between 5 and 10%, as compared to the conventional powertrain

إشاعة الأمن والسلام في الإسلام

In this paper, the concept of security and peace in Islam was highlighted. Islam was keen on promoting and preserving them, as well as the reasons why people are away from them, and ways to address these causes, especially the intellectual reasons, because thoughts (ideologies) are the driving forces for the action. The enlightened thought lead to the righteous work, and deviant thought leads to harmful and preserve acts..رابطة العالم الإسلامي بمكة المكرمةتم في هذا البحث تسليط الضوء على مفهوم الأمن والسلام في الإسلام، وحِرص الإسلام على إشاعتهما والمحافظة عليهما، وكذلك الأسباب التي تبعد الناس عنهما، وطرق معالجة هذه الأسباب، وخصوصا الأسباب الفكرية، لأن الفكر هو المحرك للفعل، فالفكر المستنير يحرك للعمل المستقيم، والفكر المنحرف يحرك للأفعال الضالة الضارة، والعياذ بالله تعالى

The role of three different contrast-enhanced, abbreviated MRI protocols as a screening tool of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Purpose: Our study aims to assess the role and diagnostic performance of 3 different contrast-enhanced, abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols as a screening tool of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material and methods: Our retrospective study included 80 patients who were screened for HCC: 47 patients revealed 138 focal hepatic lesions. MRI examinations were performed including full CE-MRI protocols. The MRI was done on a 1.5 T machine. Then 3 different abbreviated contrast-enhanced MRI protocols were analysed separately. The standard dynamic contrast MRI and abbreviated protocols were evaluated following the LI-RADS 2018 lexicon diagnostic features. Results: A considerable overall kappa (k) agreement between the abbreviated 1, 2, and 3 protocols on LI-RADS classification was noted with k = 0.865. There was almost perfect agreement between all abbreviated protocols and full standard protocol on LI-RADS classification, with k = 0.890. As regards the k agreement on LI-RADS classification, there was a considerable highest agreement between the abbreviated 1 protocol and the full standard protocol, with k = 0.980. The abbreviated 1 and 2 protocols showed high diagnostic performance on LI-RADS classification of lesions, with 100% sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy, while the abbreviated 3 protocol showed a lesser but comparable sensitivity 96.9%, NPV 99.4, and accuracy 99.4%. Conclusions: Abbreviated contrast-enhanced MRI protocols can be used as a screening tool for the detection of HCC, with high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy close to the full protocol. There was a considerable highest agreement between the abbreviated 1 protocol and the full standard protocol. Subsequently, this protocol can be used as a standard protocol for screening high-risk patients